Canada thistle, canadian thistle, lettuce from hell thistle, california thistle, corn thistle, cursed thistle, field. However, september is one of the best times to start your assault. Seed is 2 mm long, light brown, with a tuft of loosely attached fibers at tip. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Pdf ecology and management of canada thistle cirsium arvense. Sometimes called thistle down, the pappus is attached to the cypsela an achene containing a single seed and, like a parachute, floats it on. World wide web page at bacher s, friedli j, schsr i. Cirsium arvense is one of the worlds most noxious weeds of cultivated land. Cirsium arvense new zealand plant conservation network. These are primarily included because names of species rank are.
It is a tall herbaceous perennial plant, forming an extensive underground root system that sends up numerous erect stems each spring, reaching 12 m tall. Erect plant up to 4 ft tall, typically found in patches due to spreading rootstalks. Can germinateregenerate in vegetated areas but in a narrow range or in special conditions 2 c. The currently accepted scientific name for canada thistle is cirsium arvense l. Leaves are green, concolorous or lighter on the lower side, and glabrous or very sparsely arachnoid on the lower side. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. A conservation status rank is not applicable sna because the plant is an exotic nonnative in montana that is not a suitable target for conservation activities. Plant database entry for canada thistle cirsium arvense with 26 images, 3 comments, and 37 data details. It is in flower from july to september, and the seeds ripen from august to october. Cirsium arvense canada thistle cirsium barnebyi barnebys thistle cirsium brevifolium palouse thistle cirsium brevistylum clustered thistle. First introduced into north america as an impurity in imported crop seeds, it was seen as a problem weed in agricultural settings as early as the late 1700s anderson 1999. Alternate names a number of other names have been used in the past, or in other areas including. It occurs in nearly every upland herbaceous community within its range, and is a particular threat in grassland communities and riparian habitats.
Creeping thistle cirsium arvense is a weed that spreads using lateral roots. These become the classic thistledown for wind dispersal. A degreeday model of cirsium arvense shoot emergence from adventitious root buds in spring. It is a native of eurasia, probably first from southeastern europe. A decoction of the roots has been used to treat worms in children. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed. Genus cirsium may be biennials or perennials with spiny leaves and typical thistletype flowerheads details creeping thistle is a perennial reaching 1m in height. Indiana nonnative plant invasiveness ranking form assessment for invasive plants not in trade form version date. Control of canada thistle cirsium arvense introduction canada thistle is a federally listed invasive species native to europe, western asia, and northern africa. Cirsium arvense canada thistle grows one to four feet tall. The plant list includes a further 515 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus cirsium. Canada thistle cirsium arvense is a perennial that has plagued farmers in america since european settlement, and is a noxious weed in pennsylvania. Three strategies for controlling cirsium arvense including 1 repeated stubble tillage with subsequent forage crop cultivation, 2 repeated mowing of a grassclover ley, and 3 forage crop cultivation following a grassclover ley ploughed in mayjune 3 were investigated in field experiments over 3 years.
Canada thistle cirsium arvense noxious weed control board. To contribute information, contact the editor whose. Distribution information is available from bonap and the vascular plants of iowa. Contamination of agricultural seed is responsible for much of its dispersal worldwide. Arvense is latin for of fields, and breea honors william thomas bree.
Cirsium arvense wikibooks, open books for an open world. It was renamed cirsium arvense its most widely accepted name today in 1772. Element stewardship abstract for cirsium arvense canada. Cirsium arvense is a species o cirsium, native throughoot europe an northren asie, an widely introduced elsewhaur. Cirsium arvense canada thistle family asteraceae for more images, click here. Cirsium arvense canada thistle management plan within the. Biennial that reprodues by seed and rhizomes habitat. Large image for cirsium arvense canada thistle usda plants.
Canada thistle is a serious weed of agricultural land of all types and is one of the most serious weeds of temperate regions. Cirsium arvense creeping thistle, canada thistle pfaf. Breea arvensis, the name which william weber accepts, was given in 1832. Pastures, prairies, roadsides, crop fields general description.
The plant list includes 1,551 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus cirsium. Cirsium arvense is the worst thistle problem in much of its range. Always read herbicide labels and follow instructions for use and ppe. Cirsium arvense is a spinyleaved perennial herb up to 1 m tall, dioecious. The distribution of cirsium arvense in the british isles.
These roots are brittle and readily reshoot if broken. The flowers heads are smooth and occur in small clusters. To download all available records in eddmaps for this species click here click here. Distinguishing characteristics ofcirsium arvense are 1 flowerheads small cirsium arvense was a troublesome weed throughout southern europe and by the mid1700s was common in continental europe dewey 1901. Description cirsium arvense is a dioecious, herbaceous perennial 50 160 cm tall with creeping rootstock and erect stem, branched near the top. Pdf a member of the aster family, canada thistle is a vigorous, highly competitive species. A weed report from the book weed control in natural areas in the western united states canada thistle. Cirsium arvense description erect perennial plant 15 ft. The larvae of the canada thistle stem weevil ceutorhynchus litura bore into the main leaf vein and then into the crown. Cirsium species cirsium arvense name synonyms aplotaxis cirsoides dc. The attributes of the genus cirsium plume thistles are available at these links. Agronomy 217 weed identification canada thistle cirsium arvense l. A large image of cirsium arvense canada thistle from the usda plants database. Pinkylilac flowers, 1015mm are borne in clusters between june and september.
Its strong potential for vegetative multiplication from long trailing roots or root fragments results in morphologically uniform clonal stands, which at times have led to the recognition of some of the variants as distinct species. Creeping thistle, canadian thistle, fieldthistle and others synonymes. Next week, we will describe other common thistle species that occur. Cirsium arvense can be confused with other thistles, especially bull thistle cirsium vulgare, and the. The national vegetation survey nvs databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. Cirsium arvense is an herbaceous perennial in the aster family. An illustrated flora of the northern united states, canada and the british possessions.
The staundard inglis name in its native aurie is creeping thistle references. Canada thistle cirsium arvense effects on yield components of spring wheat triticum. Additionally, weedy eurasian species of carduus, onopordum, centaurea, etc. They should be controlled if you wish to grow garden plants in the area, since they compete for light, water and food. Canada thistle cirsium arvense eddmaps distribution. Canada thistle cirsium arvense is extremely difficult to kill.
Cirsium arvense authorship and citation abbreviation synonyms nrcs plant code common names taxonomy life form federal legal status other status authorship and citation. Cirsium arvense n a taxonomic species within the family asteraceae the creeping thistle or canada thistle, native to europe and northern asia. Ecology and management of canada thistle cirsium arvense. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Cirsium arvense, known as creeping thistle or canada thistle, is a species of the genus cirsium, native throughout europe, asia and northern africa description. The stems are prickly, erect and branched near the top. Grooved, smooth to slightly hairy, slightly branching at top. The standard english name in its native area is creeping thistle. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Distinguishing characteristics ofcirsium arvense are 1 flowerheads small species. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern united states and adjacent canada. Cirsium arvense is a plant native to southeastern europe and eastern portions of the mediterranean area and has been introduced in north america morishita in sheley and petroff 1999. The root is tonic, diuretic, astringent, antiphlogistic and hepatic. It was believed to have arrived in north america via french settlements in the early 17th century dewey 1901.
On right is a close view of the characteristically spiny leaves, branching, and purple flowers uaf. The record derives from tica data supplied on 20120211 which reports it as an accepted name record 7d643e5a5d28475fab44a84067ba0168 with original publication details. Requires open soil or water and disturbance for seed germination, or regeneration from vegetative propagules. Providers nzflora provider contribution summary biostatus geo schema political region geo region new zealand environmental context wild occurrence present origin exotic.
This article will describe canada thistle and how to eradicate it. Cirsium arvense can be confused with other thistles, especially bull thistle cirsium vulgare, and the closely related musk thistles carduus sp. The flower heads are smooth and occur in small clusters. Read and follow all label instructions when applying herbicides.
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